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general description the MAX4410 stereo headphone driver is designed for portable equipment where board space is at a premium. the MAX4410 uses a unique, patented, directdrive architecture to produce a ground-refer- enced output from a single supply, eliminating the need for large dc-blocking capacitors, saving cost, board space, and component height. the MAX4410 delivers up to 80mw per channel into a 16 ? load and has low 0.003% thd + n. a high power- supply rejection ratio (90db at 1khz) allows this device to operate from noisy digital supplies without an additional linear regulator. the MAX4410 includes 8kv esd pro- tection on the headphone outputs. comprehensive click- and-pop circuitry suppresses audible clicks and pops on startup and shutdown. independent left/right, low-power shutdown controls make it possible to optimize power savings in mixed mode, mono/stereo applications. the MAX4410 operates from a single 1.8v to 3.6v supply, consumes only 7ma of supply current, has short-circuit and thermal overload protection, and is specified over the extended -40? to +85? temperature range. the MAX4410 is available in a tiny (2mm x 2mm x 0.6mm), 16-bump chip-scale package (ucsp) and a 14-pin tssop package. applications features no bulky dc-blocking capacitors required ground-referenced outputs eliminate dc-bias voltages on headphone ground pin no degradation of low-frequency response due to output capacitors 80mw per channel into 16 ? low 0.003% thd + n high psrr (90db at 1khz) integrated click-and-pop suppression 1.8v to 3.6v single-supply operation low quiescent current independent left/right, low-power shutdown controls short-circuit and thermal overload protection 8kv esd-protected amplifier outputs available in space-saving packages 16-bump ucsp (2mm x 2mm x 0.6mm) 14-pin tssop MAX4410 80mw, directdrive stereo headphone driver with shutdown ________________________________________________________________ maxim integrated products 1 left audio input right audio input shdnl shdnr MAX4410 functional diagram ordering information 19-2386; rev 2; 10/02 for pricing, delivery, and ordering information, please contact maxim/dallas direct! at 1-888-629-4642, or visit maxim? website at www.maxim-ic.com. part temp range pin/bump- package MAX4410ebe-t* -40 c to +85 c 16 ucsp-16 MAX4410eud -40 c to +85 c 14 tssop notebooks cellular phones pdas mp3 players web pads portable audio equipment * future product?ontact factory for availability. ucsp is a trademark of maxim integrated products, inc. pin configurations and typical application circuit appear at end of data sheet.
MAX4410 80mw, directdrive stereo headphone driver with shutdown 2 _______________________________________________________________________________________ absolute maximum ratings electrical characteristics (pv dd = sv dd = 3v, pgnd = sgnd = 0, shdnl = shdnr = sv dd , c1 = c2 = 2.2f, r in = r f = 10k ? , r l = , t a = t min to t max , unless otherwise noted. typical values are at t a = +25 c.) (note 2) stresses beyond those listed under ?bsolute maximum ratings?may cause permanent damage to the device. these are stress rating s only, and functional operation of the device at these or any other conditions beyond those indicated in the operational sections of the specificatio ns is not implied. exposure to absolute maximum rating conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability. pgnd to sgnd .....................................................-0.3v to +0.3v pv dd to sv dd ................................................................. -0.3v to +0.3v pv ss to sv ss .........................................................-0.3v to +0.3v pv dd and sv dd to pgnd or sgnd .........................-0.3v to +4v pv ss and sv ss to pgnd or sgnd ..........................-4v to +0.3v in_ to sgnd ..........................................................-0.3v to +0.3v shdn_ to sgnd........................(sgnd - 0.3v) to (sv dd + 0.3v) out_ to sgnd ............................(sv ss - 0.3v) to (sv dd + 0.3v) c1p to pgnd.............................(pgnd - 0.3v) to (pv dd + 0.3v) c1n to pgnd .............................(pv ss - 0.3v) to (pgnd + 0.3v) output short circuit to gnd or v dd ...........................continuous continuous power dissipation (t a = +70 c) 14-pin tssop (derate 9.1mw/ c above +70 c) ..........727mw 16-bump ucsp (derate 15.2mw/ c above +70 c)....1212mw junction temperature ......................................................+150 c operating temperature range ...........................-40 c to +85 c storage temperature range .............................-65 c to +150 c bump temperature (soldering) (note 1) infrared (15s) ...............................................................+220 c vapor phase (60s) .......................................................+215 c lead temperature (soldering, 10s) .................................+300 c parameter symbol conditions min typ max units supply voltage range v dd guaranteed by psrr test 1.8 3.6 v one channel enabled 4 quiescent supply current i dd two channels enabled 7 11.5 ma shutdown supply current i shdn shdnl = shdnr = gnd 6 10 a v ih 0.7 x sv dd shdn_ thresholds v il 0.3 x sv dd v shdn_ input leakage current -1 +1 a shdn_ to full operation t son 175 s charge pump oscillator frequency f osc 272 320 368 khz amplifiers input offset voltage v os input ac-coupled, r l = 32 ? 0.5 2.4 mv input bias current i bias -100 +100 na 1.8v v dd 3.6v dc 75 90 f ripple = 1khz 90 power-supply rejection ratio psrr 200mv p-p ripple f ripple = 20khz 55 db r l = 32 ? 65 output power p out thd + n = 1% r l = 16 ? 40 80 mw note 1: this device is constructed using a unique set of packaging techniques that impose a limit on the thermal profile the device can be exposed to during board-level solder attach and rework. this limit permits only the use of the solder profiles recom- mended in the industry-standard specification, jedec 020a, paragraph 7.6, table 3 for ir/vpr and convection reflow. preheating is required. hand or wave soldering is not allowed.
MAX4410 80mw, directdrive stereo headphone driver with shutdown _______________________________________________________________________________________ 3 electrical characteristics (continued) (pv dd = sv dd = 3v, pgnd = sgnd = 0, shdnl = shdnr = sv dd , c1 = c2 = 2.2f, r in = r f = 10k ? , r l = , t a = t min to t max , unless otherwise noted. typical values are at t a = +25 c.) (note 2) note 2: all specifications are 100% tested at t a = +25 c; temperature limits are guaranteed by design. parameter symbol conditions min typ max units r l = 32 ? , p out = 25mw 0.003 total harmonic distortion plus noise thd + n f in = 1khz r l = 16 ? , p out = 50mw 0.003 % signal-to-noise ratio snr r l = 32 ? , p out = 20mw, f in = 1khz 95 db slew rate sr 0.8 v/s maximum capacitive load c l no sustained oscillations 300 pf crosstalk r l = 16 ? , p out = 1.6mw, f in = 10khz 70 db thermal shutdown threshold 140 c thermal shutdown hysteresis 15 c esd protection human body model (outr, outl) 8 kv typical operating characteristics ( c1 = c2 = 2.2f, thd + n measurement bandwidth = 22hz to 22khz, t a = +25 c, unless otherwise noted. ) 10 100 10k 1k 100k total harmonic distortion plus noise vs. frequency MAX4410 toc01 frequency (hz) thd + n (%) 1 0.1 0.001 0.01 v dd = 3v a v = -1v/v r l = 16 ? p out = 10mw p out = 25mw p out = 50mw total harmonic distortion plus noise vs. frequency MAX4410 toc02 thd + n (%) 1 0.1 0.001 0.01 v dd = 3v a v = -2v/v r l = 16 ? p out = 25mw p out = 10mw p out = 50mw 10 100 10k 1k 100k frequency (hz) 1 0.0001 total harmonic distortion plus noise vs. frequency 0.001 0.01 0.1 MAX4410 toc03 v dd = 3v a v = -1v/v r l = 32 ? p out = 5mw p out = 10mw p out = 25mw thd + n (%) 10 100 10k 1k 100k frequency (hz)
MAX4410 80mw, directdrive stereo headphone driver with shutdown 4 _______________________________________________________________________________________ typical operating characteristics (continued) ( c1 = c2 = 2.2f, thd + n measurement bandwidth = 22hz to 22khz, t a = +25 c, unless otherwise noted. ) 1 total harmonic distortion plus noise vs. frequency 0.001 0.01 0.1 MAX4410 toc04 thd + n (%) 10 100 10k 1k 100k frequency (hz) p out = 5mw p out = 10mw p out = 25mw v dd = 3v a v = -2v/v r l = 32 ? total harmonic distortion plus noise vs. frequency MAX4410 toc05 thd + n (%) 1 0.1 0.001 0.01 v dd = 1.8v a v = -1v/v r l = 16 ? p out = 10mw p out = 20mw p out = 5mw 10 100 10k 1k 100k frequency (hz) total harmonic distortion plus noise vs. frequency MAX4410 toc06 thd + n (%) 1 0.1 0.001 0.01 v dd = 1.8v a v = -2v/v r l = 16 ? p out = 10mw p out = 5mw p out = 20mw 10 100 10k 1k 100k frequency (hz) 1 total harmonic distortion plus noise vs. frequency 0.001 0.01 0.1 MAX4410 toc07 v dd = 1.8v a v = -1v/v r l = 32 ? p out = 20mw thd + n (%) p out = 10mw p out = 5mw 10 100 10k 1k 100k frequency (hz) 1 total harmonic distortion plus noise vs. frequency 0.001 0.01 0.1 MAX4410 toc08 v dd = 1.8v a v = -2v/v r l = 32 ? p out = 5mw p out = 20mw thd + n (%) p out = 10mw 10 100 10k 1k 100k frequency (hz) 100 10 1 0.1 0.01 0.001 0 100 150 50 200 total harmonic distortion plus noise vs. output power MAX4410 toc09 output power (mw) v dd = 3v a v = -1v/v r l = 16 ? f in = 20hz thd + n (%) outputs in phase one channel outputs 180 out of phase 100 10 1 0.1 0.01 0.001 0 100 150 50 200 total harmonic distortion plus noise vs. output power MAX4410 toc10 output power (mw) v dd = 3v a v = -1v/v r l = 16 ? f in = 1khz thd + n (%) outputs in phase one channel outputs 180 out of phase 100 10 1 0.1 0.01 0.001 0 100 150 50 200 total harmonic distortion plus noise vs. output power MAX4410 toc11 output power (mw) v dd = 3v a v = -1v/v r l = 16 ? f in = 10khz thd + n (%) outputs in phase one channel outputs 180 out of phase 100 10 1 0.1 0.01 0.001 0 100 150 50 200 total harmonic distortion plus noise vs. output power MAX4410 toc12 output power (mw) v dd = 3v a v = -2v/v r l = 16 ? f in = 20hz thd + n (%) outputs in phase one channel outputs 180 out of phase
MAX4410 80mw, directdrive stereo headphone driver with shutdown _______________________________________________________________________________________ 5 100 10 1 0.1 0.01 0.001 0 100 150 50 200 total harmonic distortion plus noise vs. output power MAX4410 toc13 output power (mw) v dd = 3v a v = -2v/v r l = 16 ? f in = 1khz thd + n (%) outputs in phase one channel outputs 180 out of phase 100 10 1 0.1 0.01 0.001 0 100 150 50 200 total harmonic distortion plus noise vs. output power MAX4410 toc14 output power (mw) v dd = 3v a v = -2v/v r l = 16 ? f in = 10khz thd + n (%) outputs in phase one channel outputs 180 out of phase 100 10 1 0.1 0.01 0.001 0.0001 05075 25 125 100 total harmonic distortion plus noise vs. output power MAX4410 toc15 output power (mw) thd + n (%) v dd = 3v a v = -1v/v r l = 32 ? f in = 20hz outputs in phase one channel outputs 180 out of phase 100 10 1 0.1 0.01 0.001 0 50 100 75 25 125 total harmonic distortion plus noise vs. output power MAX4410 toc16 output power (mw) v dd = 3v a v = -1v/v r l = 32 ? f in = 1khz thd + n (%) outputs in phase one channel outputs 180 out of phase 100 10 1 0.1 0.01 0.001 0 50 100 75 25 125 total harmonic distortion plus noise vs. output power MAX4410 toc17 output power (mw) v dd = 3v a v = -1v/v r l = 32 ? f in = 10khz thd + n (%) outputs in phase one channel outputs 180 out of phase 100 10 1 0.1 0.01 0.001 0 50 100 75 25 125 total harmonic distortion plus noise vs. output power MAX4410 toc18 output power (mw) v dd = 3v a v = -1v/v r l = 32 ? f in = 20hz thd + n (%) outputs in phase one channel outputs 180 out of phase 100 10 1 0.1 0.01 0.001 0 50 100 75 25 125 total harmonic distortion plus noise vs. output power MAX4410 toc19 output power (mw) v dd = 3v a v = -2v/v r l = 32 ? f in = 1khz thd + n (%) outputs in phase one channel outputs 180 out of phase 100 10 1 0.1 0.01 0.001 0 50 100 75 25 125 total harmonic distortion plus noise vs. output power MAX4410 toc20 output power (mw) v dd = 3v a v = -2v/v r l = 32 ? f in = 10khz thd + n (%) outputs in phase one channel outputs 180 out of phase 100 10 1 0.1 0.01 0.001 0204050 30 10 60 total harmonic distortion plus noise vs. output power MAX4410 toc21 output power (mw) v dd = 1.8v a v = -1v/v r l = 16 ? f in = 20hz thd + n (%) outputs in phase one channel outputs 180 out of phase typical operating characteristics (continued) ( c1 = c2 = 2.2f, thd + n measurement bandwidth = 22hz to 22khz, t a = +25 c, unless otherwise noted. )
MAX4410 80mw, directdrive stereo headphone driver with shutdown 6 _______________________________________________________________________________________ typical operating characteristics (continued) ( c1 = c2 = 2.2f, thd + n measurement bandwidth = 22hz to 22khz, t a = +25 c, unless otherwise noted. ) 100 10 1 0.1 0.01 0.001 0204050 30 10 60 total harmonic distortion plus noise vs. output power MAX4410 toc22 output power (mw) v dd = 1.8v a v = -1v/v r l = 16 ? f in = 1khz thd + n (%) outputs in phase one channel outputs 180 out of phase 100 10 1 0.1 0.01 0.001 0204050 30 10 60 total harmonic distortion plus noise vs. output power MAX4410 toc23 output power (mw) v dd = 1.8v a v = -1v/v r l = 16 ? f in = 10khz thd + n (%) outputs in phase one channel outputs 180 out of phase 100 10 1 0.1 0.01 0.001 0204050 30 10 60 total harmonic distortion plus noise vs. output power MAX4410 toc24 output power (mw) v dd = 1.8v a v = -2v/v r l = 16 ? f in = 20hz thd + n (%) outputs in phase one channel outputs 180 out of phase 100 10 1 0.1 0.01 0.001 0204050 30 10 60 total harmonic distortion plus noise vs. output power MAX4410 toc25 output power (mw) v dd = 1.8v a v = -2v/v r l = 16 ? f in = 1khz thd + n (%) outputs in phase one channel outputs 180 out of phase 100 10 1 0.1 0.01 0.001 0204050 30 10 60 total harmonic distortion plus noise vs. output power MAX4410 toc26 output power (mw) v dd = 1.8v a v = -2v/v r l = 16 ? f in = 10khz thd + n (%) outputs in phase one channel outputs 180 out of phase 100 10 1 0.1 0.01 0.001 0204050 30 10 total harmonic distortion plus noise vs. output power MAX4410 toc27 output power (mw) v dd = 1.8v a v = -1v/v r l = 32 ? f in = 20hz thd + n (%) outputs in phase one channel outputs 180 out of phase 100 10 1 0.1 0.01 0.001 0204050 30 10 total harmonic distortion plus noise vs. output power MAX4410 toc28 output power (mw) v dd = 1.8v a v = -1v/v r l = 32 ? f in = 1khz thd + n (%) outputs in phase one channel outputs 180 out of phase 100 10 1 0.1 0.01 0.001 0204050 30 10 total harmonic distortion plus noise vs. output power MAX4410 toc29 output power (mw) v dd = 1.8v a v = -1v/v r l = 32 ? f in = 10khz thd + n (%) outputs in phase one channel outputs 180 out of phase 100 10 1 0.1 0.01 0.001 0204050 30 10 total harmonic distortion plus noise vs. output power MAX4410 toc30 output power (mw) v dd = 1.8v a v = -2v/v r l = 32 ? f in = 20hz thd + n (%) outputs in phase one channel outputs 180 out of phase
MAX4410 80mw, directdrive stereo headphone driver with shutdown _______________________________________________________________________________________ 7 100 10 1 0.1 0.01 0.001 0204050 30 10 total harmonic distortion plus noise vs. output power MAX4410 toc31 output power (mw) v dd = 1.8v a v = -2v/v r l = 32 ? f in = 1khz thd + n (%) outputs in phase one channel outputs 180 out of phase 100 10 1 0.1 0.01 0.001 0204050 30 10 total harmonic distortion plus noise vs. output power MAX4410 toc32 output power (mw) v dd = 1.8v a v = -2v/v r l = 32 ? f in = 10khz thd + n (%) outputs in phase one channel outputs 180 out of phase 0.01 0.1 10 1 100 power-supply rejection ratio vs. frequency MAX4410 toc33 frequency (khz) psrr (db) 0 -40 -20 -100 -80 -60 v dd = 3v r l = 16 ? 0.01 0.1 10 1 100 power-supply rejection ratio vs. frequency MAX4410 toc34 frequency (khz) psrr (db) 0 -40 -20 -100 -80 -60 v dd = 1.8v r l = 16 ? 0.01 0.1 10 1 100 power-supply rejection ratio vs. frequency MAX4410 toc35 frequency (khz) psrr (db) 0 -40 -20 -100 -80 -60 v dd = 3v r l = 32 ? 0.01 0.1 10 1 100 power-supply rejection ratio vs. frequency MAX4410 toc36 frequency (khz) psrr (db) 0 -40 -20 -100 -80 -60 v dd = 1.8v r l = 32 ? crosstalk vs. frequency MAX4410 toc37 frequency (hz) crosstalk (db) 10 1 0.1 -80 -60 -40 -20 0 -100 0.01 100 v dd = 3v p out = 1.6mw r l = 16 ? left to right right to left output power vs. supply voltage MAX4410 toc38 supply voltage (v) output power (mw) 3.3 3.0 2.7 2.4 2.1 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 0 1.8 3.6 f in = 1khz r l = 16 ? thd + n = 1% inputs in phase inputs 180 out of phase output power vs. supply voltage MAX4410 toc39 supply voltage (v) output power (mw) 3.3 3.0 2.7 2.4 2.1 50 100 150 200 250 300 0 1.8 3.6 f in = 1khz r l = 16 ? thd + n = 10% inputs in phase inputs 180 out of phase typical operating characteristics (continued) ( c1 = c2 = 2.2f, thd + n measurement bandwidth = 22hz to 22khz, t a = +25 c, unless otherwise noted. )
MAX4410 80mw, directdrive stereo headphone driver with shutdown 8 _______________________________________________________________________________________ typical operating characteristics (continued) ( c1 = c2 = 2.2f, thd + n measurement bandwidth = 22hz to 22khz, t a = +25 c, unless otherwise noted. ) output power vs. supply voltage MAX4410 toc40 supply voltage (v) output power (mw) 3.3 3.0 2.7 2.4 2.1 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 0 1.8 3.6 f in = 1khz r l = 32 ? thd + n = 1% inputs 180 out of phase inputs in phase output power vs. supply voltage MAX4410 toc41 supply voltage (v) output power (mw) 3.3 3.0 2.7 2.4 2.1 40 20 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 0 1.8 3.6 f in = 1khz r l = 32 ? thd + n = 10% inputs in phase inputs 180 out of phase output power vs. load resistance MAX4410 toc42 load resistance ( ? ) output power (mw) 10k 1k 100 40 20 60 80 100 120 140 160 0 10 100k v dd = 3v f in = 1khz thd + n = 1% inputs 180 out of phase inputs in phase output power vs. load resistance MAX4410 toc43 load resistance ( ? ) output power (mw) 10k 1k 100 50 100 150 200 250 0 10 100k inputs in phase inputs 180 out of phase v dd = 3v f in = 1khz thd + n = 10% output power vs. load resistance MAX4410 toc44 load resistance ( ? ) output power (mw) 10k 1k 100 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 0 10 100k inputs 180 out of phase inputs in phase v dd = 1.8v f in = 1khz thd + n = 1% output power vs. load resistance MAX4410 toc45 load resistance ( ? ) output power (mw) 10k 1k 100 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 0 10 100k inputs 180 out of phase inputs in phase v dd = 1.8v f in = 1khz thd + n = 10% power dissipation vs. output power MAX4410 toc46 output power (mw) power dissipation (mw) 160 120 40 80 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 0 0 200 inputs 180 out of phase f in = 1khz r l = 16 ? v dd = 3v p out = p outl + p outr inputs in phase power dissipation vs. output power MAX4410 toc47 output power (mw) power dissipation (mw) 160 120 40 80 20 40 60 80 120 100 140 160 180 0 0 200 inputs 180 out of phase f in = 1khz r l = 32 ? v dd = 3v p out = p outl + p outr inputs in phase power dissipation vs. output power MAX4410 toc48 output power (mw) power dissipation (mw) 50 40 30 10 20 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 0 060 inputs 180 out of phase f in = 1khz r l = 16 ? v dd = 1.8v p out = p outl + p outr inputs in phase
MAX4410 80mw, directdrive stereo headphone driver with shutdown _______________________________________________________________________________________ 9 power dissipation vs. output power MAX4410 toc49 output power (mw) power dissipation (mw) 50 40 30 10 20 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 0 060 inputs 180 out of phase f in = 1khz r l = 32 ? v dd = 1.8v p out = p outl + p outr inputs in phase 80 60 40 100 10k 100k 1m 10m 20 0 -20 -40 -60 -80 -100 -180 -120 -140 -160 gain and phase vs. frequency MAX4410 toc50 frequency (hz) gain/phase (db/degrees) v dd = 3v a v = 1000v/v r l = 16 ? 1k gain phase 10 10 1k 10k 1m 100k 10m 0 -10 -20 -30 -50 -40 gain flatness vs. frequency MAX4410 toc51 frequency (hz) gain (db) v dd = 3v a v = -1v/v r l = 16 ? 100 charge-pump output resistance vs. supply voltage MAX4410 toc52 supply voltage (v) output resistance ( ? ) 3.3 3.0 2.7 2.4 2.1 2 4 6 8 10 0 1.8 3.6 v in_ = gnd i pvss = 10ma no load output power vs. charge-pump capacitance and load resistance MAX4410 toc53 load resistance ( ? ) output power (mw) 40 30 20 20 10 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 0 10 50 f in = 1khz thd + n = 1% inputs in phase c1 = c2 = 1 f c1 = c2 = 0.47 f c1 = c2 = 0.68 f c1 = c2 = 2.2 f typical operating characteristics (continued) ( c1 = c2 = 2.2f, thd + n measurement bandwidth = 22hz to 22khz, t a = +25 c, unless otherwise noted. ) frequency (khz) 10 1 0.1 100 output spectrum vs. frequency MAX4410 toc54 output spectrum (db) -100 -80 -60 -40 -20 0 -120 v in = 1v p-p f in = 1khz r l = 32 ? a v = -1v/v
MAX4410 80mw, directdrive stereo headphone driver with shutdown 10 ______________________________________________________________________________________ typical operating characteristics (continued) ( c1 = c2 = 2.2f, thd + n measurement bandwidth = 22hz to 22khz, t a = +25 c, unless otherwise noted. ) supply current vs. supply voltage MAX4410 toc55 supply voltage (v) supply current (ma) 2.7 1.8 0.9 2 4 6 8 10 0 0 3.6 shutdown supply current vs. supply voltage MAX4410 toc56 supply voltage (v) supply current ( a) 2.7 1.8 0.9 2 4 6 8 10 0 0 3.6 shdnl = shdnr = gnd exiting shutdown MAX4410 toc57 outr shdnr 2v/div 500mv/div 200 s/div f in = 1khz r l = 32 ? shdnl = gnd power-up/down waveform MAX4410 toc58 out_ out_fft v dd 3v 20db/div 10mv/div 0v 200ms/div fft: 25hz/div r l = 32 ? v in_ = gnd -100db
MAX4410 80mw, directdrive stereo headphone driver with shutdown ______________________________________________________________________________________ 11 pin description pin bump tssop ucsp name function 1b2 shdnl active-low, left-channel shutdown. connect to v dd for normal operation. 2a3pv dd charge-pump power supply. powers charge-pump inverter, charge-pump logic, and oscillator. 3 a4 c1p flying capacitor positive terminal 4 b4 pgnd power ground. connect to sgnd. 5 c4 c1n flying capacitor negative terminal 6d4pv ss charge-pump output 7d3sv ss amplifier negative power supply. connect to pv ss . 8 d2 outl left-channel output 9d1sv dd amplifier positive power supply. connect to pv dd . 10 c1 inl left-channel audio input 11 c2 outr right-channel output 12 b1 shdnr active-low, right-channel shutdown. connect to v dd for normal operation. 13 a1 inr right-channel audio input 14 a2 sgnd signal ground. connect to pgnd.
MAX4410 80mw, directdrive stereo headphone driver with shutdown 12 ______________________________________________________________________________________ detailed description the MAX4410 stereo headphone driver features maxim s patented directdrive architecture, eliminating the large output-coupling capacitors required by traditional single- supply headphone drivers. the device consists of two 80mw class ab headphone drivers, undervoltage lock- out (uvlo)/shutdown control, charge-pump, and com- prehensive click-and-pop suppression circuitry (see typical application circuit ). the charge pump inverts the positive supply (pv dd ), creating a negative supply (pv ss ). the headphone drivers operate from these bipo- lar supplies with their outputs biased about gnd (figure 1). the drivers have almost twice the supply range com- pared to other 3v single-supply drivers, increasing the available output power. the benefit of this gnd bias is that the driver outputs do not have a dc component typi- cally v dd /2. thus, the large dc-blocking capacitors are unnecessary, improving frequency response while con- serving board space and system cost. each channel has independent left/right, active-low shutdown controls, making it possible to optimize power savings in mixed-mode, mono/stereo operation. the device features an undervoltage lockout that pre- vents operation from an insufficient power supply and click-and-pop suppression that eliminates audible tran- sients on startup and shutdown. additionally, the MAX4410 features thermal overload and short-circuit protection and can withstand 8kv esd strikes on the output pins. directdrive traditional single-supply headphone drivers have their outputs biased about a nominal dc voltage (typically half the supply) for maximum dynamic range. large coupling capacitors are needed to block this dc bias from the headphone. without these capacitors, a signif- icant amount of dc current flows to the headphone, resulting in unnecessary power dissipation and possi- ble damage to both headphone and headphone driver. maxim s patented directdrive architecture uses a charge pump to create an internal negative supply volt- age. this allows the outputs of the MAX4410 to be biased about gnd, almost doubling dynamic range while operating from a single supply. with no dc com- ponent, there is no need for the large dc-blocking capacitors. instead of two large (220f, typ) tantalum capacitors, the MAX4410 charge pump requires two small ceramic capacitors, conserving board space, reducing cost, and improving the frequency response of the headphone driver. see the output power vs. charge-pump capacitance and load resistance graph in the typical operating characteristics for details of the possible capacitor sizes. there is a low dc voltage on the driver outputs due to amplifier offset. however, the offset of the MAX4410 is typically 0.5mv, which, when combined with a 32 ? load, results in less than 16a of dc current flow to the headphones. previous attempts to eliminate the output-coupling capac- itors involved biasing the headphone return (sleeve) to the dc-bias voltage of the headphone amplifiers. this method raises some issues: 1) when combining a microphone and headphone on a single connector, the microphone bias scheme typically requires a 0v reference. 2) the sleeve is typically grounded to the chassis. using this biasing approach, the sleeve must be isolated from system ground, complicating product design. 3) during an esd strike, the driver s esd structures are the only path to system ground. thus, the driver must be able to withstand the full esd strike. v dd /2 v dd gnd +v dd -v dd gnd v out v out conventional driver-biasing scheme directdrive biasing scheme figure 1. traditional driver output waveform vs. MAX4410 output waveform
MAX4410 80mw, directdrive stereo headphone driver with shutdown ______________________________________________________________________________________ 13 4) when using the headphone jack as a line out to other equipment, the bias voltage on the sleeve may con- flict with the ground potential from other equipment, resulting in possible damage to the drivers. low-frequency response in addition to the cost and size disadvantages of the dc- blocking capacitors required by conventional head- phone amplifiers, these capacitors limit the amplifier s low-frequency response and can distort the audio signal. 1) the impedance of the headphone load and the dc- blocking capacitor form a highpass filter with the -3db point set by: where r l is the headphone impedance and c out is the dc-blocking capacitor value. the highpass filter is required by conventional single-ended, single power-supply headphone drivers to block the midrail dc bias component of the audio signal from the headphones. the drawback to the filter is that it can attenuate low-frequency signals. larger values of c out reduce this effect but result in physically larg- er, more expensive capacitors. figure 2 shows the relationship between the size of c out and the result- ing low-frequency attenuation. note that the -3db point for a 16 ? headphone with a 100 f blocking capacitor is 100hz, well within the normal audio band, resulting in low-frequency attenuation of the reproduced signal. 2) the voltage coefficient of the dc-blocking capacitor contributes distortion to the reproduced audio signal as the capacitance value varies as a function of the voltage change across the capacitor. at low fre- quencies, the reactance of the capacitor dominates at frequencies below the -3db point and the voltage coefficient appears as frequency-dependent distor- tion. figure 3 shows the thd + n introduced by two different capacitor dielectric types. note that below 100hz, thd + n increases rapidly. the combination of low-frequency attenuation and fre- quency-dependent distortion compromises audio reproduction in portable audio equipment that empha- sizes low-frequency effects such as multimedia lap- tops, as well as mp3, cd, and dvd players. by eliminating the dc-blocking capacitors through directdrive technology, these capacitor-related defi- ciencies are eliminated. charge pump the MAX4410 features a low-noise charge pump. the 320khz switching frequency is well beyond the audio range, and thus does not interfere with the audio sig- nals. the switch drivers feature a controlled switching speed that minimizes noise generated by turn-on and turn-off transients. by limiting the switching speed of the switches, the di/dt noise caused by the parasitic bond wire and trace inductance is minimized. although not typically required, additional high-frequency noise atten- uation can be achieved by increasing the size of c2 (see typical application circuit ). f rc db l out ? = 3 1 2 lf roll off (16 ? load) MAX4410 fig02 frequency (hz) attenuation (db) 100 -30 -25 -20 -10 -3db corner for 100 f is 100hz -15 -5 -3 0 -35 10 1k 33 f 330 f 220 f 100 f figure 2. low-frequency attenuation for common dc-blocking capacitor values additional thd + n due to dc-blocking capacitors MAX4410 fig03 frequency (hz) thd + n (%) 10k 1k 100 0.001 0.01 0.1 1 10 0.0001 10 100k tantalum alum/elec figure 3. distortion contributed by dc-blocking capacitors
MAX4410 80mw, directdrive stereo headphone driver with shutdown 14 ______________________________________________________________________________________ shutdown the MAX4410 features two shutdown controls allowing either channel to be shut down or muted independently. shdnl controls the left channel while shdnr controls the right channel. driving either shdn_ low disables the respective channel, sets the driver output impedance to about 1k ? , and reduces the supply current to less than 10a. when both shdn_ inputs are driven low, the charge pump is also disabled, further reducing supply current draw to 6a. the charge pump is enabled once either shdn_ input is driven high. click-and-pop suppression in traditional single-supply audio drivers, the output- coupling capacitor is a major contributor of audible clicks and pops. upon startup, the driver charges the coupling capacitor to its bias voltage, typically half the supply. likewise, on shutdown the capacitor is dis- charged to gnd. this results in a dc shift across the capacitor, which in turn, appears as an audible transient at the speaker. since the MAX4410 does not require output-coupling capacitors, this does not arise. additionally, the MAX4410 features extensive click-and- pop suppression that eliminates any audible transient sources internal to the device. the power-up/down waveform in the typical operating characteristics shows that there are minimal spectral components in the audible range at the output upon startup or shutdown. in most applications, the output of the preamplifier dri- ving the MAX4410 has a dc bias of typically half the supply. at startup, the input-coupling capacitor is charged to the preamplifier s dc-bias voltage through the r f of the MAX4410, resulting in a dc shift across the capacitor and an audible click/pop. delaying the rise of the MAX4410 s shdn_ signals 4 to 5 time con- stants (200ms to 300ms) based on r in and c in relative to the start of the preamplifier eliminates this click/pop caused by the input filter. applications information power dissipation under normal operating conditions, linear power ampli- fiers can dissipate a significant amount of power. the maximum power dissipation for each package is given in the absolute maximum ratings section under continuous power dissipation or can be calculated by the following equation: where t j(max) is +150 c, t a is the ambient tempera- ture, and ja is the reciprocal of the derating factor in c/w as specified in the absolute maximum ratings section. for example, ja of the tssop package is +109.9 c/w. the MAX4410 has two sources of power dissipation, the charge pump and the two drivers. if the power dis- sipation for a given application exceeds the maximum allowed for a given package, either reduce v dd , increase load impedance, decrease the ambient tem- perature, or add heat sinking to the device. large out- put, supply, and ground traces improve the maximum power dissipation in the package. thermal overload protection limits total power dissipa- tion in the MAX4410. when the junction temperature exceeds +140 c, the thermal protection circuitry dis- ables the amplifier output stage. the amplifiers are enabled once the junction temperature cools by 15 c. this results in a pulsing output under continuous ther- mal overload conditions. output power the device has been specified for the worst-case sce- nario when both inputs are in phase. under this con- dition, the drivers simultaneously draw current from the charge pump, leading to a slight loss in headroom of v ss . in typical stereo audio applications, the left and right signals have differences in both magnitude and phase, subsequently leading to an increase in the max- imum attainable output power. figure 4 shows the two extreme cases for in and out of phase. in reality, the available power lies between these extremes. p tt disspkg max j max a ja () () = ? 100 10 1 0.1 0.01 0.001 0 100 150 50 200 total harmonic distortion plus noise vs. output power MAX4410 fig04 output power (mw) v dd = 3v a v = -1v/v r l = 16 ? f in = 10khz thd + n (%) outputs in phase one channel outputs 180 out of phase figure 4. output power vs. supply voltage with inputs in/out of phase
MAX4410 80mw, directdrive stereo headphone driver with shutdown ______________________________________________________________________________________ 15 powering other circuits from a negative supply an additional benefit of the MAX4410 is the internally generated, negative supply voltage (-v dd ). this voltage is used by the MAX4410 to provide the ground-refer- enced output level. it can, however, also be used to power other devices within a design. current draw from this negative supply (pv ss ) should be limited to 5ma, exceeding this will affect the operation of the head- phone driver. the negative supply voltage appears on the pv ss pin. a typical application is a negative supply to adjust the contrast of lcd modules. when considering the use of pv ss in this manner, note that the charge-pump voltage at pv ss is roughly pro- portional to -v dd and is not a regulated voltage. the charge-pump output impedance plot appears in the typical operating characteristics . component selection gain-setting resistors external feedback components set the gain of the MAX4410. resistors r f and r in (see typical application circuit ) set the gain of each amplifier as follows: to minimize v os , set r f equal to 10k ? . values other than 10k ? increase v os due to the input bias current, which in turn increases the amount of dc current flow to the speaker. compensation capacitor the stability of the MAX4410 is affected by the value of the feedback resistor (r f ). the combination of r f and the input and parasitic trace capacitance introduces an additional pole. adding a capacitor in parallel with r f compensates for this pole. under typical conditions with proper layout, the device is stable without the additional capacitor. input filtering the input capacitor (c in ), in conjunction with r in, forms a highpass filter that removes the dc bias from an incom- ing signal (see typical application circuit ). the ac-cou- pling capacitor allows the amplifier to bias the signal to an optimum dc level. assuming zero-source impedance, the -3db point of the highpass filter is given by: choose r in according to the gain-setting resistors sec- tion. choose the c in such that f -3db is well below the lowest frequency of interest. setting f -3db too high affects the low-frequency response of the amplifier. use capaci- tors whose dielectrics have low-voltage coefficients, such as tantalum or aluminum electrolytic. capacitors with high-voltage coefficients, such as ceramics, may result in increased distortion at low frequencies. other considerations when designing the input filter include the constraints of the overall system and the actual frequency band of interest. although high-fidelity audio calls for a flat-gain response between 20hz and 20khz, portable voice-reproduction devices such as cellular phones and two-way radios need only concen- trate on the frequency range of the spoken human voice (typically 300hz to 3.5khz). in addition, speakers used in portable devices typically have a poor response below 150hz. taking these two factors into considera- tion, the input filter may not need to be designed for a 20hz to 20khz response, saving both board space and cost due to the use of smaller capacitors. charge-pump capacitor selection use capacitors with an esr less than 100m ? for opti- mum performance. low-esr ceramic capacitors mini- mize the output resistance of the charge pump. for best performance over the extended temperature range, select capacitors with an x7r dielectric. table 1 lists suggested manufacturers. flying capacitor (c1) the value of the flying capacitor (c1) affects the load regulation and output resistance of the charge pump. a c1 value that is too small degrades the device s ability to provide sufficient current drive, which leads to a loss of output voltage. increasing the value of c1 improves load regulation and reduces the charge-pump output resistance to an extent. see the output power vs. charge-pump capacitance and load resistance graph in the typical operating characteristics . above 2.2f, the on-resistance of the switches and the esr of c1 and c2 dominate. f rc db in in ? = 3 1 2 a v =? ? ? ? ? ? ? r r f in table 1. suggested capacitor manufacturers supplier phone fax website taiyo yuden 800-348-2496 847-925-0899 www.t-yuden.com tdk 847-803-6100 847-390-4405 www.component.tdk.com note: please indicate you are using the MAX4410 when contacting these component suppliers.
MAX4410 80mw, directdrive stereo headphone driver with shutdown 16 ______________________________________________________________________________________ output capacitor (c2) the output capacitor value and esr directly affect the ripple at pv ss . increasing the value of c2 reduces out- put ripple. likewise, decreasing the esr of c2 reduces both ripple and output resistance. lower capacitance values can be used in systems with low maximum output power levels. see the output power vs. charge-pump capacitance and load resistance graph in the typical operating characteristics. power-supply bypass capacitor the power-supply bypass capacitor (c3) lowers the out- put impedance of the power supply, and reduces the impact of the MAX4410 s charge-pump switching tran- sients. bypass pv dd with c3, the same value as c1, and place it physically close to the pv dd and pgnd pins (refer to the MAX4410 ev kit for a suggested layout). adding volume control the addition of a digital potentiometer provides simple volume control. figure 5 shows the MAX4410 with the max5408 dual log taper digital potentiometer used as an input attenuator. connect the high terminal of the max5408 to the audio input, the low terminal to ground and the wiper to c in . setting the wiper to the top posi- tion passes the audio signal unattenuated. setting the wiper to the lowest position fully attenuates the input. layout and grounding proper layout and grounding are essential for optimum performance. connect pgnd and sgnd together at a single point on the pc board. connect all components associated with the charge pump (c2 and c3) to the pgnd plane. connect pv dd and sv dd together at the device. connect pv ss and sv ss together at the device. bypassing of both supplies is accomplished by charge-pump capacitors c2 and c3 (see typical application circuit ). place capacitors c2 and c3 as close to the device as possible. route pgnd and all traces that carry switching transients away from sgnd and the traces and components in the audio signal path. refer to the layout example in the MAX4410 ev kit datasheet. when using the MAX4410 in a ucsp package, make sure the traces to outr (bump c2) are wide enough to handle the maximum expected current flow. multiple traces may be necessary. ucsp considerations for general ucsp information and pc layout consider- ations, refer to the maxim application note: wafer- level ultra chip-scale package . outl MAX4410 inl 10 max5408 h0 l0 5 6 w0a 7 left audio input 13 w1a 10 c in r in c in right audio input inr outr r f r f 11 8 h1 l1 12 11 r in figure 5. MAX4410 and max5408 volume control circuit
MAX4410 80mw, directdrive stereo headphone driver with shutdown ______________________________________________________________________________________ 17 typical application circuit charge pump uvlo/ shutdown control click-and-pop suppression c1n c1p pv ss sv ss pgnd sgnd pv dd sv dd shdnl shdnr sv ss sv dd sgnd inl inr outr left channel audio in right channel audio in headphone jack 1 (b2) 2 (a3) 3 (a4) 4 (b4) 5 (c4) 6 (d4) 7 (d3) 8 (d2) 9 (d1) 10 (c1) 11 (c2) 12 (b1) 14 (a2) MAX4410 c1 2.2 f c2 2.2 f ( ) denote bumps for ucsp. 1.8v to 3.6v c3 2.2 f c in 1 f r in 10k ? r f 10k ? sv ss sv dd sgnd outl c in 1 f r in 10k ? r f 10k ? 13 (a1)
MAX4410 80mw, directdrive stereo headphone driver with shutdown 18 ______________________________________________________________________________________ 12 3 c b a d ucsp (b16-2) top view (bump side down) 4 sv dd outl sv ss pv ss inr sgnd pv dd c1p shdnr shdnl pgnd inl outr c1n MAX4410 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 sgnd inr shdnr outr pgnd c1p pv dd shdnl top view MAX4410 inl sv dd outl sv ss pv ss c1n tssop pin configurations chip information transistor count: 4295 process: bicmos
MAX4410 80mw, directdrive stereo headphone driver with shutdown ______________________________________________________________________________________ 19 package information (the package drawing(s) in this data sheet may not reflect the most current specifications. for the latest package outline information, go to www.maxim-ic.com/packages .) 16l,ucsp.eps
MAX4410 80mw, directdrive stereo headphone driver with shutdown maxim cannot assume responsibility for use of any circuitry other than circuitry entirely embodied in a maxim product. no circuit patent licenses are implied. maxim reserves the right to change the circuitry and specifications without notice at any time. 20 ____________________maxim integrated products, 120 san gabriel drive, sunnyvale, ca 94086 408-737-7600 ? 2002 maxim integrated products printed usa is a registered trademark of maxim integrated products. package information (continued) (the package drawing(s) in this data sheet may not reflect the most current specifications. for the latest package outline information, go to www.maxim-ic.com/packages .) tssop4.40mm.eps

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